What should be avoided when operating a centrifugal pump to prevent damage?

Running a centrifugal pump empty for extended periods is particularly harmful and should be avoided to prevent damage. When a centrifugal pump operates without water, it can lead to a phenomenon known as "dry running." In this state, the pump's internal components, such as the bearings and seals, can become overheated because there is no liquid to carry away the heat generated during operation. This excessive heat can cause the materials to warp, degrade, or fail completely. Additionally, without the hydraulic balance provided by the liquid, parts of the pump may experience excessive wear or even catastrophic failure.

While operating at high pressures, pumping corrosive materials, and running at low temperatures may also present challenges, the immediate and severe risk associated with running a centrifugal pump empty makes this practice particularly detrimental. Understanding the specific operational limitations of a pump, including the necessity of having an adequate fluid supply, is critical for maintaining its longevity and efficiency.