According to the average annual water budget for Texas, how does most surface water leave the state?

The correct answer is that most surface water leaves Texas through evaporation and transpiration. This phenomenon is especially significant in Texas due to its climate, which includes hot summers and limited rainfall in many areas.

Evaporation refers to the process where water is converted from liquid to vapor, directly from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Transpiration involves the release of water vapor from plants into the atmosphere. Together, evaporation and transpiration (often collectively referred to as evapotranspiration) constitute a significant portion of the water budget for a region, particularly in states like Texas, which experience a high rate of sunshine and heat.

While rivers do transport water out of Texas, the volume lost through evaporation and transpiration is much greater. Exports to other states and industrial waste discharge contribute to water movement in some capacity, but these processes are not the primary contributors to the overall water budget regarding water leaving the state. This highlights the importance of understanding local hydrology and climatic conditions in managing water resources effectively.